Produção artesanal: documentação e divulgação audiovisual como tecnologias de valorização sociocultural / Handicrafts production: documentation and audiovisual dissemination as sociocultural appreciation technology

O texto apresenta os resultados do projeto de pesquisa científica, tecnológica e de inovação na área de Economia Criativa, realizado no período de janeiro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015, cujo objetivo central foi documentar e divulgar os artesãos e a produção artesanal da Vila de Itaúnas, ES. O processo desenvolveu-se a partir de conversas iniciais, seguidas de planejamento e realização de oficinas de caráter participativo de documentação e divulgação audiovisual em torno da produção de artesanatos e de sua relação com a biodiversidade e cultura local. O objetivo inicial foi de promover espaços de expressão e de difusão do conhecimento entre e para a população local, alcançando também um público regional, estadual e nacional. Ao longo do processo, identificou-se que as oficinas participativas e a produção coletiva de um sítio virtual para divulgação das práticas e dos produtos contribuíram para a valorização e reconhecimento sociocultural do artesão e do artesanato na região.

The paper presents the results of scientific research, technology and innovation project in the creative economy sector, conducted from January 2014 to January 2015 that aimed to document and disclose the artisans and handicraft production of Vila de Itaúnas, ES, Brasil. The process was developed from initial conversations, followed by planning and conducting participatory workshops for documentation and audiovisual dissemination around the production of handicrafts and its relation to biodiversity and local culture. The initial objective was to promote expression and diffusion spaces of knowledge among and for the local population, also reaching a regional, state and national public. Throughout the process, it was found that the participatory workshops and the collective production of a virtual site for disclosure of practices and products contributed to the development and socio-cultural recognition of artisan and craft in the region.

Subthalamic deep brain stimulation modulates small fiber-dependent sensory thresholds in Parkinson's disease.

The effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) rarely have been investigated. Among these, sensory disturbances, including chronic pain (CP), are frequent in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes induced by deep brain stimulation in the perception of sensory stimuli, either noxious or innocuous, mediated by small or large nerve fibers. Sensory detection and pain thresholds were assessed in 25 PD patients all in the off-medication condition with the stimulator turned on or off (on- and off-stimulation conditions, respectively). The relationship between the changes induced by surgery on quantitative sensory testing, spontaneous CP, and motor abilities were studied. Quantitative sensory test results obtained in PD patients were compared with those of age-matched healthy subjects. Chronic pain was present in 72% of patients before vs 36% after surgery (P=.019). Compared with healthy subjects, PD patients had an increased sensitivity to innocuous thermal stimuli and mechanical pain, but a reduced sensitivity to innocuous mechanical stimuli. In addition, they had an increased pain rating when painful thermal stimuli were applied, particularly in the off-stimulation condition. In the on-stimulation condition, there was an increased sensitivity to innocuous thermal stimuli but a reduced sensitivity to mechanical or thermal pain. Pain provoked by thermal stimuli was reduced when the stimulator was turned on. Motor improvement positively correlated with changes in warm detection and heat pain thresholds. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation contributes to relieve pain associated with PD and specifically modulates small fiber-mediated sensations.

The assessment and management of pain in the demented and non-demented elderly patient.

Persistent pain is a frequent health problem in the elderly. Its prevalence ranges from 45% to 80%. Chronic diseases, such as depression, cardiovascular disease, cancer and osteoporosis have a higher prevalence in aged individuals and increase the risk of developing chronic pain. The presence of pain is known to be associated with sleep disorders in these patients, as well as functional impairment, decreased sociability and greater use of the health system, with consequent increase in costs. Alzheimer's disease patients seem to have a normal pain discriminative capacity and they may probably have weaker emotional and affective experience of pain when compared to other types of dementia. Many patients have language deficits and thus cannot properly describe its characteristics. In more advanced cases, it becomes even difficult to determine whether pain is present or not. Therefore, the evaluation of these patients should be performed in a systematic way. There are three ways to measure the presence of pain: by direct questioning (self-report), by direct behavioral observation and by interviews with caregivers or informants. In recent years, many pain scales and questionnaires have been published and validated specifically for the elderly population. Some are specific to patients with cognitive decline, allowing pain evaluation to be conducted in a structured and reproducible way. The next step is to determine the type of painful syndrome and discuss the bases of the pharmacological management, the use of multiple medications and the presence of comorbidities demand the use of smaller doses and impose contra-indications against some drug classes. A multiprofessional approach is the rule in the management of these patients.

Comunidade pomerana e uso de agrotóxicos: uma realidade pouco conhecida / Pomeranian community and the use of pesticides: an unknown reality

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar socioeconomicamente a comunidade pomerana do Alto Santa Maria, localizada no município de Santa Maria de Jetibá (ES) e investigar os principais fatores de exposição aos agrotóxicos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado a partir de um questionário semi-estruturado, reunindo informações de 151 famílias. A análise foi baseada em estatísticas descritivas e modelos de regressão logística. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos membros da comunidade é o proprietário da terra. A participação das crianças nas atividades agrícolas é uma tradição da cultura pomerana. O uso de agrotóxicos nas lavouras nesta comunidade começou na década de oitenta e, desde então, diferentes tipos de agrotóxicos são frequentemente usados pela população rural. Os modelos de regressão logística que associam a presença de algum problema de saúde com o tipo de limpeza da terra, uso de agrotóxicos, frequência de aplicação dos agrotóxicos e uso de equipamento de proteção mostraram que a chance de um indivíduo apresentar algum problema de saúde está relacionada com o uso de agrotóxicos e o grau de escolaridade é um fator importante para o uso de equipamentos de proteção. A comunidade pomerana estudada possui hábitos culturais que contribuem para a exposição aos agrotóxicos.

The objective of this article is to characterize social and economically the Pomeranian community from "Alto Santa Maria" in the municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá at Espírito Santo State and investigate the main factors of pesticides exposure in rural community. A cross-sectional study was carried out interviewing 151 members of a rural Pomeranian community using a semi-structured questionnaire. The analysis was based in descriptive statistics and logistics regression models. The results revealed that the majority of the community members own their land. The child participation in agricultural activities is a tradition in the Pomeranian culture. The use of pesticides by this community began in the 80s since then; different types of pesticides have frequently been used by rural residents. The logistic regression models that associate the presence of some health problem with how the land is cleaned, pesticides usage, pesticides application frequency and the use of protection equipment, showed that the chance of an individual to present some health problem is related with the use of pesticides. Another regression model showed that the education level is an important factor to the use of protection equipment. The Pomeranian community studied has some cultural habits that contribute for the exposure of pesticides.

[Pomeranian community and the use of pesticides: an unknown reality]. / Comunidade pomerana e uso de agrotóxicos: uma realidade pouco conhecida.

The objective of this article is to characterize social and economically the Pomeranian community from 'Alto Santa Maria' in the municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá at Espírito Santo State and investigate the main factors of pesticides exposure in rural community. A cross-sectional study was carried out interviewing 151 members of a rural Pomeranian community using a semi-structured questionnaire. The analysis was based in descriptive statistics and logistics regression models. The results revealed that the majority of the community members own their land. The child participation in agricultural activities is a tradition in the Pomeranian culture. The use of pesticides by this community began in the 80s since then; different types of pesticides have frequently been used by rural residents. The logistic regression models that associate the presence of some health problem with how the land is cleaned, pesticides usage, pesticides application frequency and the use of protection equipment, showed that the chance of an individual to present some health problem is related with the use of pesticides. Another regression model showed that the education level is an important factor to the use of protection equipment. The Pomeranian community studied has some cultural habits that contribute for the exposure of pesticides.

Estudo de/com comunidades tradicionais: cultura, imagem e história oral / Study for / with traditional communities: culture, image and oral history

Na história brasileira, a relação com o processo exploratório dos recursos naturais e uso e ocupação de terra não têm levado em conta os custos sociais e ambientais ocasionados pela implantação de grandes empreendimentos. No caso da região sudeste, esta exploração historicamente tem afetado diretamente a mata atlântica e os povos que dela e nela vivem. Na mesma velocidade do desaparecimento das áreas biológicas, a diversidade humana está desmoronando (Sahtouris, 2000), tradições estão se perdendo na história. Este é o preço da hibridização: as raízes locais estão desaparecendo, sendo esquecidas (Burke, 2003). Percorrendo o litoral de norte a sul do estado do Espírito Santo, encontramos a permanência de manifestações culturais em uma rica combinação indígena e africana. Trabalhos realizados com comunidades tradicionais do Espírito Santo, como comunidades de marisqueiras e pescadores de Anchieta, Paneleiras de Barro de Goiabeiras Velha, Quilombolas do norte do ES, Pomeranos de Santa Maria de Jetibá e comunidade de pescadores, catadores de caranguejo e desfiadeiras de siri de Caieiras têm demonstrado um grande sincretismo cultural. Contudo, as comunidades possuem traços particulares, que permitem a singularidade não só da comunidade, mas também de seus habitantes, nesta diversidade capixaba(AU)

In Brazilian history, the relationship with the exploratory process of natural resources and the use and occupation of soil have not considered the social and environmental costs incurred by the deployment of large enterprises. In the case of the region of southeastern Brazil, the exploitation historically has directly affected the Atlantic forest and the people who live in it. At the same speed the disappearance of the areas biological, human diversity is collapsing, traditions are lost in history. This is the price of hybridization: the local roots are disappearing, being forgotten. Through the coast from north to south in the state of Espírito Santo, to find permanence of cultural events in a rich mix indigenous and African. Work performed with traditional communities of the Espírito Santo, as communities of fishermen and seafood of “Anchieta”, potsmakers of clay, in old “Goiabeiras”, quilombolas northern ES, Pomeranos of “Santa Maria de Jetibᔠand community of fishermen, crabtakers, and siri’s riders of “Ilha das Caieiras” have shown a great cultural syncretism. However, the communities have particular traits that enable the singularity not only the community but also of its people, this diversity of Espírito Santo(AU)

Preliminary assessment of the potential for mangrove oyster cultivation in Piraquê-açu river estuary ( Aracruz, ES )

No estuário do Rio Piraquê-açu, município de Aracruz, ES, foi avaliada a viabilidade técnica da implantação do cultivo de ostras Crassostrea rhizophorae em lanternas suspensas numa balsa de cultivo, através da estimativa de crescimento e ganho de peso fresco e seco das ostras. Verificou-se que, durante os dez meses de cultivo (junho/98 a maio/99), as ostras atingiram, em média, 37,6 mm de altura e 3,0 g no peso total. Foi registrada uma alta taxa de mortalidade, que poderia ser atribuída aos altos valores de salinidade na água e também aos predadores observados como planárias Stylochoplana divae e gastrópodos Cymatium parthenopeum, além de incrustantes como cracas, poliquetos Serpulidae e principalmente sementes da própria ostra.